Want to build or buy a short barrel shotgun? Here's everything you need to know about fingerprint requirements for SBS applications.
In This Guide
What is a Short Barrel Shotgun (SBS)?
A shotgun is classified as an SBS if it has:
- Barrel length under 18 inches, OR
- Overall length under 26 inches
SBS are regulated under the National Firearms Act (NFA) and require ATF approval.
SBS Legal Status by State
States Where SBS are PROHIBITED
- ❌ California
- ❌ Hawaii
- ❌ Iowa (SBS specifically)
- ❌ Massachusetts
- ❌ Minnesota
- ❌ New York
- ❌ Washington (since 2024)
States Where SBS are LEGAL
All other states allow SBS with proper federal (ATF) approval.
Fingerprint Requirements for SBS
SBS fingerprint requirements are identical to other NFA items:
Individual Application
- Your fingerprints only
- FD-258 card converted to EFT format
- Upload during eForms application
Trust Application
- Fingerprints from ALL responsible persons
- Each person needs their own EFT file
- Everyone submits for every application
Form 1: Build Your Own SBS
Form 1 is for "making" an NFA item - converting a standard shotgun to SBS.
Process
- Own or acquire the host shotgun (must be legal length)
- File Form 1 on ATF eForms
- Upload EFT fingerprints
- Pay $0 tax (2026)
- Wait for approval (typically 30-60 days)
- AFTER approval: Cut barrel or modify shotgun
- Engrave with your info
Warning: NEVER cut the barrel before Form 1 approval. This is a federal felony. Wait for the approved stamp.
Engraving Requirements
After Form 1 approval, you must engrave:
- Your name (or trust name)
- City and State
- Minimum 1/16" deep, 0.003" depth
Form 4: Buy Factory SBS
Form 4 is for purchasing an already-manufactured SBS from a dealer.
Process
- Find SBS at dealer/SOT
- Purchase and start Form 4
- Upload EFT fingerprints
- Pay $0 tax (2026)
- Wait for approval (typically 30-90 days)
- Pick up from dealer
Factory SBS Options
- Mossberg Shockwave conversions
- Remington 870 SBS
- Serbu Super Shorty
- Various custom builds from SOTs
SBS vs AOW: Know the Difference
Some short shotguns are classified as AOW (Any Other Weapon) instead of SBS:
- SBS: Started life as a shotgun, then shortened
- AOW: Built from virgin receiver or "firearm" category
Both require ATF approval and fingerprints, but the classification matters for your Form 1.
