ATF Form 1 eForm Guide: The Complete Step-by-Step Process for Making NFA Firearms

If you are planning to manufacture your own suppressor, short-barreled rifle (SBR), short-barreled shotgun (SBS), or any other weapon regulated under the National Firearms Act (NFA), you will need to file an ATF Form 1. The ATF's electronic filing system (eForms) has dramatically streamlined the application process.

This comprehensive guide walks you through everything you need to know about the Form 1 application process, from understanding when it's required to submitting your fingerprints electronically.

What Is ATF Form 1 and When Do You Need It?

ATF Form 1, officially titled "Application to Make and Register a Firearm," is required when you want to manufacture or make an NFA-regulated firearm. This is different from purchasing an existing NFA item, which requires ATF Form 4.

NFA Items That Require Form 1

You must file ATF Form 1 before making any of the following:

• Suppressors (Silencers): Building your own suppressor from a kit or raw materials
• Short-Barreled Rifles (SBRs): Converting a pistol to a rifle with a barrel under 16 inches
• Short-Barreled Shotguns (SBSs): Shotguns with barrels under 18 inches
• Any Other Weapons (AOWs): Certain unique configurations like smooth-bore pistols
• Destructive Devices: Large-bore firearms and explosive devices

Step-by-Step ATF eForm 1 Process

Step 1: Create Your ATF eForms Account

Register at eforms.atf.gov with a valid email address and personal identification information. Take your time and ensure accuracy.

Step 2: Start a New Form 1 Application

Navigate to Forms and select "Form 1 - Application to Make and Register a Firearm." Choose whether you're applying as an individual, trust, or legal entity.

• Individual: Simpler paperwork, but only you can possess the NFA item
• Trust: Multiple trustees can possess the item; simplifies inheritance

Step 3: Complete the Application Details

Provide detailed information about yourself and the firearm:

• Full legal name, address, date of birth, citizenship, SSN
• Firearm type, caliber, barrel length, overall length, model designation
• If filing as a trust: information for each responsible person

Step 4: Upload Required Documents

• Trust filings: Complete copy of trust documents
• Passport photo: Recent 2x2 inch photograph
• CLEO Notification: Generated by eForms (notification only, not approval)

Step 5: Submit Fingerprints Electronically

Electronic fingerprint submission requires EFT (Electronic Fingerprint Transmission) format. Most local fingerprinting services only provide traditional FD-258 ink cards.

Step 6: Pay the Tax and Submit

As of January 2026, the $200 NFA tax stamp has been eliminated. Simply review your application and submit. Save your confirmation email and application number.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Incorrect Firearm Measurements

• Barrel Length: Measured from closed bolt/breech face to muzzle with a rod
• Overall Length: Measured parallel to bore with stock extended

Serial Number Issues

Your serial number must include your name, city, and state. Use a unique number not already assigned to other firearms you own.

Trust Document Problems

• Submitting incomplete trust documents
• Missing responsible person information
• Trust not compliant with state law

Fingerprint Submission Errors

• Wrong file format (must be EFT, not PDF or images)
• Poor quality impressions
• Fingerprints don't match responsible person info

Premature Manufacturing

Never begin manufacturing before receiving approval. Even assembling parts that could constitute the NFA item is illegal without approval.

Current ATF Form 1 Wait Times

As of early 2026:

• eForm 1 (Electronic): 30-90 days typically
• Paper Form 1: 6-12+ months

Factors affecting wait time:

• Application accuracy and completeness
• Background check requirements
• Document and fingerprint quality
• Overall application volume at ATF

Fingerprint Requirements and How SlapEFT Helps

Each responsible person on the application must submit fingerprints. You can get traditional FD-258 cards from:

• Local police departments
• Sheriff's offices
• UPS Store locations
• Private fingerprinting services

The eForms system requires EFT format. SlapEFT bridges this gap:

• Simple: Scan or photograph your FD-258 cards
• Affordable: Just $10 per conversion
• Fast: Ready in minutes
• Quality: Optimized for ATF acceptance

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I file Form 1 as a non-US citizen?

Permanent residents (green card holders) may file if they meet all firearm ownership requirements. Non-immigrant aliens generally cannot unless they meet specific exceptions. Consult an attorney if unsure.

How long is an approved Form 1 valid?

There's no expiration date for making the item. Keep your approved Form 1 permanently with your records.

Do I need fingerprints for every Form 1?

Yes, new fingerprints are required for each Form 1 application, even if you've submitted them before. This is why an affordable service like SlapEFT is valuable for multiple applications.

What if my Form 1 is denied?

You'll receive a letter explaining the reason. Common causes include background check issues or incomplete applications. You may appeal within the specified timeframe.